TREATMENT OF POULTRY DISEASES WITH HERBS

How

Root of Awolowo leaf

                   Bark of Mango tree

 

 

Root/bark of fertility leaf

Root of sunflower

                       PREPARATION OF                                  CONCORTINON  PHASE 1       

                                Ginger 

                                  and 

                          wonderful kola

Get the following herbs/ barks and soak in water and administer to the poultry through their drinker always the animals will not sick. 

The second common disease problem mentioned by farmers was described symptomatically as a one with noisy breathing and coughing accompanied with nasal discharge and watery eyes. This was interpreted as chronic respiratory disease.

Warts on the naked parts of the comb and wattle were cited and interpreted as fowl pox.

Sharp coughs, sneezing and gasps culminating in difficulty in breathing especially among young birds were interpreted to be Infectious bronchitis.

Chickens with swollen heads were interpreted to suffer from infectious coryza. Bloody diarrhoea was interpreted to be coccidiosis

Control and treatment of poultry diseases

Table 2 lists a selection of symptoms treated by the most commonly used plant species. These symptoms were encoded into specific target diseases. Most of the concoctions involved more than one ingredient and these were mainly leaves and roots in the case of herbs, shrubs and barks in case of trees. Some of the trees whose barks were used include Omutsuitsui (Croton megalocarpus), Kumukimilia (Combretum molle) and Ne

The amounts of ingredients used in concoctions were not specific although in most instances a 1 kg tin of water was used as a measure for daily administration. Birds were usually given the concoction to drink throughout the day with fresh concoction is provided daily.

Specific concoctions were prepared for specific diseases. For example Aloe Vera was said to prevent Newcastle, Croton megalocarpus was said to treat coryza sinusitis, combretum mole was said to treat intestinal worms.

Other concoctions were prepared for general ailments classified into gastrointestinal diseases, respiratory diseases, cutaneous diseases and parasitic diseases. For example Pepper (capsicum), Khasanda kwata, imbululusi concoctions were prepared for control and treatment of respiratory diseases, Sisal (Likonge), Omusirangokho, tithonia concoctions were prepared for gastrointestinal ailments, neem (azadirachta indica ) was known to prevent viral ailments

Extracts of Mondia whytei exhibited antimicrobial activities against Salmonella tymphi and Escherichia coli. Extracts of Khasanda kwaata and Endata abyssinica exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Extracts from Tithonia exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli.

The most common poultry disease was NCD. This was because the use of conventional vaccines in indigenous chicken production was limited by cost, dose format and lack of thermostability. Because of these reasons rural scavenging chickens were rarely vaccinated and flocks remained highly susceptible to NCD with periodic decimation and economic losses. Other diseases were also rarely controlled. Farmers therefore always had to start with new flocks following outbreaks of diseases 

Farmers usually sought plant and plant parts to use in the management of their flocks after a disease outbreak. More often it was symptomatic treatment.

Most farmers tended to use more than one ingredient in concoctions to make the concoction as broad as possible. This is due to the fact that clinical symptoms of many poultry diseases were so closely related that sometimes it was difficult to distinguish between specific diseases. Some clinical symptoms were regarded as diseases themselves and sometimes some local names given to some diseases were based on symptoms. This broad-spectrum approach was similar to the current conventional medicine approach with broad-spectrum antibiotic.

The survey revealed that little planting of medicinal plants was carried out for any of the species. Rather, communities normally relied on supply from the wild. Where farmers had cultivated medicinal plants, they had gotten seedlings from local government or project nurseries. For example the neem tree was only found where the nurseries had been established by projects.

Preparation of concoctions

Control and treatment of poultry diseases was based on concoctions of plant materials. More than one plant part (leaves, barks, roots and tubers) was used in concoctions. The amounts of each ingredient were not known and in most cases were offered in drinking water. Preparations were done by pounding mixtures of the ingredients, adding water, mixing well and allowing it to settle before administration.

Farmers recognized the existence of sexes of plants. This knowledge is used in preparing concoctions. For example preparations involving pawpaw (lipaipai) roots, only male plants are used. Some times the preparations are used in form of paste, for example in the treatment of scaly mites, neem (Mwarubaini) mixed with omushivano (residue from soaked and filtered ash) and a little water is made into paste and smeared on the scaly legs.